Understanding Chinese Names
China's huge population shares a great deal of surnames. According to the
ancient Chinese documents, they ranged from 300 to 3,000. But most
specialists in this field agree that the most common surnames of the Han
Chinese number some 500. Chinese surnames are said to have originated in the
prehistorical matriarchal society. The character for surname, Xing (), is a
combination of two other characters, Nv () and Sheng (), meaning 'born of
woman.'
An ancient Chinese name often included four parts: first the family name,
followed by the given name, the alias, and then what's known as the 'style.'
Take the great poet Li Bai for example. His surname in Chinese is Li (). His
given name Bai () means 'white.' His alias is Tai Bai (), and 'style' Qing
Lian (), meaning 'green lotus.' One would choose his alias and 'style' when
he entered adulthood. People called one another by the alias to show mutual
respect.
Chinese people always attach great importance to the choice of names. As
the old saying goes, under the right name, then can it be within your
jurisdiction. In the Chinese earliest dictionary it was explained as
follows: name contained the invisible fate and the visible and meaning
characters. Fate was something intangible and negative, it coincided with
'the hidden material,' on which the Western scientists are working hard to
find out. With concrete form and meaning, name belonged to the positive
symbol of characters. It functioned far more than just a code for every
specific person. Therefore in the past, when elders named a new born baby,
they took several factors into full consideration: the astrological
principles, the birthdate, the array of five elements (metal, wood, water,
fire, and earth) told by the fortune-teller, the form, pronunciation, and
meaning of name. Now superstition being lessened and constraints reduced,
there are still some rules of thumb to be followed:
1, balance between the baby's birthdate and the five elements in its
life, try to remedy the defects with the name;
2, try to avoid the same initial consonant and simple or compound vowel
(of a Chinese syllable), and the same tone in the characters is not
preferred either;
3, as to the form, a character with not too many strokes nor the same
component will be a good choice;
4, the preference for the meaning of a character changes with time.
The May Fourth Movement in 1919 brought with it what was known as the
'vernacular Campaign' and drastic changes in Chinese culture. So did it
influence names. It contended all sorts of characters could be used to form
a person's name.
Then after the founding of New China, name began to take on a political
touch, such as 'Ai Guo' which means 'love the country' and so on. The
favorite words included: red, army, revolution, soldier, east, etc. Another
obvious change in Chinese name is that many people now use only two
characters. A study shows that, before 1966, about 90 percent of chinese
names had three characters. But a recent survey tells us that about half of
today's younger people have two character names.
(Written by Hao Zhuo.)